Tuesday, May 26, 2020

Implementing On Item Click / Double Click for TListView

Delphis TListView control displays a list of items in columns with column headers and sub-items, or vertically or horizontally, with small or large icons. As do most Delphi controls, the TListView exposes the OnClick and OnDblClick (OnDoubleClick) events. Unfortunately, if you need to know what item was clicked or double clicked you cannot simply handle the OnClick / OnDblClick events to get the clicked item. The OnClick (OnDblClick) event for the TListView is fired whenever the user clicks the control - that is whenever the click occurs somewhere inside the client area of the control. The user can click inside the list view, BUT miss any of the items. Whats more, since list view can change its display depending on the ViewStyle property, the user might have clicked on an item, on an item caption, on an item icon, nowhere, on an item state icon, etc. Note: the ViewStyle property determines how items are displayed in the list view: the items can be displayed as a set of movable icons, or as columns of text. ListView.On Item Click ListView.On Item Double Click To be able to locate the clicked (if there is one) item when the OnClick event for the list view is fired, you need to determine what elements of the list view lie under the point specified by the X and Y parameters - that is the location of the mouse at the moment of click. The TListiews GetHitTestInfoAt function returns information about the specified point in the list view’s client area. To make sure the item was clicked (or double clicked) you need to call the GetHitTestInfoAt and react only if the click event occurred on an actual item. Heres an example implementation of the ListView1s OnDblClick event: //handles ListView1s On Double Clickprocedure TForm.ListView1DblClick(Sender: TObject) ; var   Ã‚  hts : THitTests;   Ã‚  ht : THitTest;   Ã‚  sht : string;   Ã‚  ListViewCursosPos : TPoint;   Ã‚  selectedItem : TListItem; begin   Ã‚  //position of the mouse cursor related to ListView   Ã‚  ListViewCursosPos : ListView1.ScreenToClient(Mouse.CursorPos) ;   Ã‚  //double click where?   Ã‚  hts : ListView1.GetHitTestInfoAt(ListViewCursosPos.X, ListViewCursosPos.Y) ;   Ã‚  //debug hit test   Ã‚  Caption : ;   Ã‚  for ht in hts do   Ã‚  begin   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  sht : GetEnumName(TypeInfo(THitTest), Integer(ht)) ;   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Caption : Format(%s %s | ,[Caption, sht]) ;   Ã‚  end;   Ã‚  //locate the double-clicked item   Ã‚  if hts [htOnIcon, htOnItem, htOnLabel, htOnStateIcon] then   Ã‚  begin   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  selectedItem : ListView1.Selected;   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  //do something with the double clicked item!   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Caption : Format(DblClcked : % s,[selectedItem.Caption]) ;   Ã‚  end; end; In the OnDblClick (or OnClick) event handler, read the GetHitTestInfoAt function by providing it with the location of the mouse inside the control. To get the location of the mouse related to the list view, the ScreenToClient function is used to convert a point (mouse X and Y) in screen coordinates to local, or client area, coordinates. The GetHitTestInfoAt return a value of THitTests type. The THitTests is a set of THitTest enumerated values. The THitTest enumeration values, with their description, are: htAbove - above the client area.htBelow - below the client area.htNowhere - inside the control, but not on an item.htOnItem - on an item, its text, or its bitmap.htOnButton - on a button.htOnIcon - on an icon.htOnIndent - on the indented area of an item.htOnLabel - on a label.htOnRight - on the right side of an item.htOnStateIcon - on a state icon or bitmap associated with an item.htToLeft - to the left of the client area.htToRight - to the right of the client area. If the result of the call to GetHitTestInfoAt is a subset (Delphi sets!) of [htOnIcon, htOnItem, htOnLabel, htOnStateIcon] you can be sure the user clicked on the item (or on its icon / state icon). Finally, if the above is true, read the Selected property of the list view, it returns the first selected item (if multiple can be selected) in the list view. Do something with the clicked / double clicked / selected item ... Be sure to download the full source code to explore the code and learn by adopting it.

Friday, May 15, 2020

Definition Of The Problem Of Public Schools - 776 Words

Chapter 1: DEFINITION OF THE PROBLEM Introduction Education is the foundation of success. â€Å"The operation and oversight of public schools in the United States is typically the responsibility of states and local communities†. (Anderson, L.) Parents make decisions about their children s education with the hope that they are receiving a quality education that prepares them for college and eventually a successful career. The amount of funding available for education influences the effectiveness and efficiency of the institution. The enrollment population along with teacher-student ratio are inputs which effect learning proficiency. The household income influences the area a family can afford to live and the geographic location determines†¦show more content†¦The clear statement is that individuals without an education are at a disadvantage compared to those with an education. The economic status of most households does not allow for parents to be able to afford private school tuition, the alternative is a public sc hool. The options to choose for public funded schools are charter or standard public school. Are charter school academic performance achievements better than standard private schools? The sub-problems which will be addressed in this project are 1) Student to teacher ratio and the effect is had on academic proficiency. 2) The expenditure per student cost and the effect on SAT/ACT averages.3) Graduation percentages and the probability of attending higher education institutions. 4) Teacher certifications/experience according to the No Child Left behind Act and the comparison between charter and public schools. Purpose of the Research The objective of this research is to determine if attendance to a charter school increases the chances of a student continuing on to a post-secondary institution. The research will examine the performance testing results between charter and standard public schools. The research will uncover whether charter school graduates have a significant advantage over public school graduates. If there is a distinct advantage, should independent school districts look into increasing its

Wednesday, May 6, 2020

Incarcerating the Elderly - 2547 Words

The issue being discussed in this paper will be â€Å"the issue of the ‘graying’ of the American prison and parole population and the unique problems that elderly prisoners face while incarcerated and subsequent to release† (Stojkovic, 2007, pg. 98). Incarceration of elderly criminals is a highly debated topic in criminal justice. The definition of elderly criminal in this case will be a person 60 years or older that commits a criminal offense. This is not a new topic; however, there is not a lot of research conducted on elderly offenders. There are many arguments as to whether these elderly criminals should be treated the same as younger criminals and whether it is cost effective to put the elderly in prison. This paper will discuss the pros†¦show more content†¦Many of these elderly prisoners don’t have much to go back to in the real world (Le Mesurier, 2011). They have lost their homes, families, friends, and sense of belonging (Le Mesurier, 2 011). Without the adequate support that an elderly persons needs out in the world, they are at risk of social exclusion and for re-offending. Leaving the prison for an elderly person that has been locked up behind bars for many years would be huge challenge. Every person in prison receives adequate health treatment and proper care. Finding the proper treatment and care outside of prison can be a tough. The elderly offender most of the time will not have a stable and welcoming environment to go back into and might re-offend again to support himself. Without being able to find a job and steady pay the offender will have a tough time supporting himself. As discussed in class, most offenders in Prison are there for punishment and don’t get the adequate treatment they need and are still considered as violent, if not even more than when they first entered the prison. During their time in prison, the offenders are not getting the adequate rehabilitation that they need and will stil l be released as violent and criminal as when they first entered. Being in Prison for so many years, with other criminals can teach the offender to be even more violent and brutalShow MoreRelatedPrisoners with Special Needs917 Words   |  4 Pagesin a standard incarceration facility. When we look at offenders that have a learning disability or mental handicaps or offenders that are substance abusers, special care in incarceration and rehabilitation methods should be involved. By just incarcerating these individuals you are not setting them up for a successful and cost effective way of rehabilitation. Counseling, treatment, and various interventions strategies help in giving these offenders with special need the care they need while at theRead MoreThe Incarceration Of Women Prisons1298 Words   |  6 Pagessuccumbing to ailments. Changes needed to laws and courts. Definitely, there is a need for change in laws. The drug barons are rarely identified. Those caught up and incarcerated are street vendors and to make matters worse even innocent people. Incarcerating the small players has been of no benefit since these drug lords know how to keep their business thriving by getting other street vendors into the distribution ends. It has led to mass imprisonment thus becoming costly to the state while not assuringRead MoreElderly Parole Essay1297 Words   |  6 PagesParole for the Elderly Tynesha Wilson CJHS 430 November 17, 2014 Christopher Abreu Parole for the Elderly There are many arguments for and against confining the sick and elderly adults in jail. Some of the arguments include but are not limited to the cost to house these inmates (elderly and sick), monies used to house these inmates could be used to fund other programs, where will these inmates go once they are released, the reduction of overcrowding in the prison system, may increase crimeRead MoreSolving The Problem Of An Aging Prison Population1250 Words   |  5 Pagesincreased health care services and sometimes require assistance conducting mundane daily tasks such as bathing, dressing and eating. Older prisoners require assistance just as the elderly may require assistance as a hospice. The costs of these additional requirements result in a substantial increase in incarcerating elderly prisoners. Since the goal of corrections is to rehabilitate and release inmates back into society, the health care required for prisoners on the inside will also be required uponRead MoreHow The Fut ure Will Judge Us?1215 Words   |  5 PagesPhilanthropy-Learning To Give Disconnecting elderly folks from their families and incarcerating every person who commits crime without thinking logically: Is this what modernization and our teachings adds up to? Is it even fair that human beings are taught to do these things to us from the very beginning of our educational lives? Kwame Anthony Appiah discusses several points in â€Å"How The Future Will Judge Us?† that he believes are negatively affecting our society in terms of how we treat people directlyRead MoreNo Point Of The Three Strikes Legislation1197 Words   |  5 Pagesthe prisoner is sentenced to 25 years, it costs $1.1 million. A life sentence, starting at age 43 and the inmate dying at 82 costs $1.8 million per inmate. This figure is before taking account of medical costs of an elderly prisoner. With the current â€Å"third-strike† inmates, incarcerating them will cost a minimum of 10 billion dollars in the next 25 years (Males, 2011). â€Å"If the cost of incarceration is high, a twenty-five years to life sentence for a nonviolent offender is difficult to justify unlessRead MoreFraud : An Intentional Act1384 Words   |  6 Pagesgovernment assistance fraud, when it occurs, it means that not only the government loses finances (Einstein Law, 2016). Also, the activities that were intended to be performed to the needy citizens are stopped or fail to be executed. The poor, disabled, elderly and other people requiring assistance from the government continue suffering at the expense of a few greedy civil servants who are benefitting from government assistance finances. Besides, the state gets swindled of taxpayer’s money through governmentRead MorePrison Overcrowding Is A Serious Problem1448 Words   |  6 Pagesindividuals with sobriety and keeps them away from the drug-related activities. Sending drug addicts to prison does not cure them of their diseases; it only makes their addiction worse because of the easy access to drugs inside the prisons. Inc arcerating drug abusers also brings more drugs inside the prisons and puts other criminals at risk of becoming drug addicts. Although these drug addicts are considered criminals because they have broken the law, it would be more sensible to get those individualsRead MoreThe Issue Of The Criminal Justice Correctional System4492 Words   |  18 Pagesthe different types of offenders they house and reexamine their living arrangements in order to prevent overpopulation, save money, and most importantly, decrease recidivism. This paper examines how properly managing male, female, pregnant, and elderly inmates can be a solution to a lot of the correctional systems current problems. Also discussed are the reasons why people choose to commit crimes. The general strain theory has been a well-known approach to understanding the cause of crime. AnotherRead MoreJunenile Justice System Should Focus on Rehabilitation Essay1729 Words   |  7 Pagesregardless of age. Deterrence is believed to be the best approach to punishment, because the belief is that if the offender is incarcerated the ability to commit more crimes is erased. Crimes such as rape of other juveniles, aggravated assault on elderly and helpless victims, and murders are being committed by perpetrators as young as 13. Juvenile offender under with long criminal records which result in small if any punishments can develop a false sense of operating above the law, with the defiant

Tuesday, May 5, 2020

Case Study on Immunisation for Healthcare Laws- myassignmenthelp

Question: Discuss about theCase Study on Immunisation for Healthcare Laws. Answer: It is the legal and professional responsibility of all healthcare providers to obtain appropriate informed consent of individuals, prior to immunization or vaccination. Vaccinating a child is one of the most essential things that can be done to protect their health. Young children and infants are particularly vulnerable to a range of vaccine preventable diseases, owing to the fact that their immune systems do not attend enough maturity (Gostin 2015). Hence, vaccination is considered as a legal right of all children and is the most effective measure, related to primary prevention of a range of diseases. Consent refers to the principles where the individuals are required to give their permission before a medical intervention, or procedure related to immunization is implemented. Owing to the fact that in most legal systems existing across the world, the legal age at which an individual can provide consent coincides with age of majority (18 years), consent regarding vaccination is genera lly taken from the legal guardian, or parent for minors. In the above case scenario, Albert cannot provide the sole consent regarding Mias vaccination, without the consent of her mother. This can be attributed to the fact that most healthcare laws and governmental guidelines suggest that the only person, who can provide consent for their child to have vaccinations, is the mother. A father can only provide his consent, if he has parental responsibility.Policies and legislation also state that both parents of a child, aged less than 8 years, share equal parental responsibility for the child, following their separation (Gilmor 2017). Hence, it is presumed that separated parents will have equal responsibility and role, in making decisions about major issues that can create adverse effect on the health of the child. Taking into consideration the fact that Mia lives with her father and mother for equal time span every month, it is of utmost importance to seek consent from her mother, before any vaccination for purposes or influencer is administered upon her (Kabakama et al. 2016). Therefore, following completion of the brief explanation assessment, and obtaining consent from her father, it is imperative to establish contacts with her mother Rose and provide her sufficient information about the immunization, to assist her to make an appropriate decision. This would include providing her information on the type of vaccine that is proposed to be administered, and the reasons for immunization (recent outbreak of pertussis and a family all history of influenza). Moreover, the risks and benefits of vaccination will also be explained to her mother in order to help her gain a deeper understanding of the adverse health impacts that can affect Mia in the long run. Hence, an informed and open decision making partnership will be created with both the parents that will form the basis of informed consent, which is required prior to administration of the vaccines (Brunson 2013). Disclosure of the vaccine risks and benefits will be essential in avoiding confusion, and promoti ng the overall integrity of the consent process. It will also help in building trust of both the parents in the immunisation program. Despite the huge body of scientific research that has been done to evaluate the benefits of immunization and the overwhelming effects of vaccination that support its effectiveness and safety, there are various parents who so hesitant in having their child immunized (Jung, Lin and Viswanath 2013). The reasons that make parents hesitant regarding vaccination range from fear about allergic reactions or hypersensitivity, autism, or concerns about their safety. In this case scenario, ignorance or deficiency in knowledge of Mias mother regarding the contraindications, and adverse effect of the proposed vaccine might lead to several immunization error. She considers mild illness and allergic reactions as the primary reason for not giving her consent to up to date immunizations (Brunson 2013). She should be provided with correct information about the benefits and risks of vaccine. Although she would like to know about the adverse effects more, health benefits of immunization should be emphas ised during the discussion, without comparing it to the major risks that might be involved. Communication with the parents, and delivery of appropriate sources of information about major factors that might affect parental practice regarding vaccination is essential. Engaging in an effective communication will improve her perception on the potential benefits. This will make her more likely to continue with the proposed immunization programme. While counselling her mother about the safety of vaccines, it is required to uniformly state that there is no association between development of autism with vaccination. A discussion regarding the common misconceptions about immunization needs to be initiated, to change her attitudes and beliefs (Nyhan et al. 2014). Moreover, it needs to be evaluated whether Mias mother has distrust in government sponsored information, regarding immunization. There is a need to show empathy to the parent, to demonstrate a willingness of protecting the child. Empathy will be displayed by addressing the concerns of the parent directly and demonstrating active listening skills. This will make her perceive that her concerns are being noted and respected. Follow up time will be set aside, on a regular basis to receive feedback from the parent regarding her opinion on vaccination. Such a partnership should be established much prior to the immunization visit. In addition transparency should be maintained regarding the decision making process. Displaying honesty about the risks and uncertainty of immunization will help in motivating and engaging the parents during dialogue. Motivational interviewing will also be adopted to change her behaviour. Respecting the differences that exist in opinion about immunization and dete rmining the origins that lead to vaccine hesitancy will help in providing a clear understanding about perceptions (Mergler et al. 2013). Using of a non-confrontational and non-judgmental tone will also demonstrate patience, and provide support to her mother for deciding to immunize her. The level or type of vaccine related information that is wanted by the parent will be assessed, followed by presentation of evidence that is understood (Sadaf et al. 2013). Immunization will also be framed in terms of positive benefits. Providing easily available information in audio, printed or visual format that tailors to her perceptions and beliefs might also help in improving her decision. Anaphylaxis refers to serious allergic reactions that occur rapidly and are often triggered by immunologic mechanism. The signs and symptoms of the concerned person will be evaluated for diagnosing anaphylaxis. Symptoms of anaphylaxis will usually involve more than one organ of the body, such as, the mouth, skin, lungs, eyes, brain, heart, and gut (Song, Worm and Lieberman 2014). It will be identified based on the following symptoms: Spelling of the tongue throat or the lips Itching, skin rashes, and hives Trouble breathing, shortness of breath, and whistling or wheezing sound Stomach pain accompanied with diarrhoea and vomiting Fainting or dizziness Presence of low blood pressure at levels 30%, below the normal might also indicate onset of anaphylaxis. Skin tests and other in vitro tests that determine presence of IgE antibodies will help in providing a positive diagnosis for anaphylaxis. Initial measures will be taken to identify the agent that triggered an anaphylactic reaction. Diagnostic tests will help in identifying triggers among food, medication, insect sting and latex that is found in disposable gloves (Clark et al. 2014). Management of this medical emergency might require measures that involve resuscitation or chest compression and artificial ventilation. Use of airway management techniques, intravenous administration of fluids, and supplemental delivery of oxygen, while closely monitoring the patient, are some of the major steps taken for management of this condition. Epinephrine or adrenaline is regarded as the primary treatment, owing to the fact that there are no absolute contraindications for them. Epinephrine solutions will be administered intramuscularly in the mid anterolateral thigh, upon receiving positive results for the diagnosis (Dennerlein 2014). The injection will be repeated on a time interval of 5-15 minutes, following insufficient response from the patient. Preference of intramuscular route of administration over subcutaneous injection route can be attributed to the fact that the latter often results in delayed absorption of the fluid in the body. Minor adverse effects related to headache, anxiety, tremors and palpitation might arise in the patient, following epinephrine administration (Campbell et al. 2014). Corticosteroids can also be considered as a second form of treatment, with the objective of reducing risks of biphasic anaphylaxis. In cases where epinephrine fails to resolve bronchospasm, administration of nebulizer salbutamol might be considered essential (Choo, Simons and Sheikh 2013). An allergy action plan will also be formulated for the patient, prone to anaphylaxis. The plan will include utilisation of epinephrine autoinjectors, in addition to recommendations for wearing bracelets, with medical alert for avoiding triggers. Future episodes of anaphylaxis can be prevented by immunotherapy. Reviewing all labels present in food ingredients, will also help in uncovering potential illusions that might worsen the condition. Efforts will also be taken to avoid the patient from getting bitten by insects or bee stings. The caregivers and teachers shall also be informed about patients, at an increased susceptibility for anaphylaxis. Measures will be taken to prevent the patient from dri nking beverages from soft drinks can, walking barefoot in grass, wearing bright colored clothing with floral prints, or using hair sprays, hairspray, lotion for perfumes during early fall and late summer. Adverse event following immunization (AEFI) refers to medical incidents, which take place after an immunization or vaccination program and cause major health concerns. Five major types of AEFI are grouped as vaccine reactions, program error, coincidental occurrences, injection reaction, and unknown events (Tozzi et al. 2013). Initially Rose will be informed about reporting cases of AEFI, immediately to the concerned healthcare agency under two conditions, such as, isolated and cluster events. An isolated event is a solitary medical incident that might take place after immunization, and cause concern in the patient. Occurrence of true or more similar events that are related in time, and have occurred within the same geographic region, are associated with same immunisation programme will be considered as clustered event. Rose will be informed about the necessity of identifying and reporting all forms of serious and non serious adverse events, following immunization of her child. She wi ll be provided information on two channels of reporting. Monthly reporting- This will make her report all forms of adverse event, related to immunization and the monthly progress of her child. Events related to high grade fever, seizure, hypotonicresponsive episode, inconsolable screaming, and other complications such as BCG infection, thrombocytopenia, or local reactions must be reported to the immediate medical officer, responsible for the immunization programme (Breugelmans et al. 2013). She will also be asked to report any untowards medical occurrences in the district or community that has resulted in prolonged hospitalization, significant disability, or death of an individual or group of individuals. She will be asked to notify the case to the nearest primary healthcare centre, or district immunization officer by the quickest means of communication. Rose will also be provided adequate information regarding the statutory requirements regarding notification of adverse events that occur following and immunization. Guidelines and rules from the Public Health Regulations Act 2017 and Public Health Act 2016 will be adequately sent to her. She will also be recommended to take her child to visit the doctor on an annual basis, till 3 years of age. Between 4-6 years of age Rose will be instructed to take Mia for a visit to the doctor, during which she will receive vaccine for polio, diphtheria tetanus and whooping cough, chicken pox, influenza (annual), and measles mumps and rubella (MMR) (Harris et al. 2014). Additionally, she will also be recommended to let her child receive flu vaccination at every flu season. Further vaccines will be recommended for Mia during her pre-teen years. Recommendations regarding administration of flu vaccine, HPV vaccine, Tdap, and meningococcal conjugate vaccine during the preteen years will be made. In addition to providing appropriate training on ways of reporting AEFI, efforts will be taken to provide the parent with appropriate information and management plan, regarding the adverse event that is experienced (Alicino et al. 2015). This will also include information on implications for the subsequent recommended vaccinations. Information regarding specialised immunization clinic, in combination with appropriate contact details regarding medical specialists, or pediatricians with adequate experience in managing patients with AEFI will be provided for facilitating better reporting of adverse conditions. References Alicino, C., Merlano, C., Zappettini, S., Schiaffino, S., Della Luna, G., Accardo, C., Gasparini, R., Durando, P. and Icardi, G., 2015. Routine surveillance of adverse events following immunization as an important tool to monitor vaccine safety: the two-years experience of the Liguria Region, Italy.Human vaccines immunotherapeutics,11(1), pp.91-94. Breugelmans, J.G., Lewis, R.F., Agbenu, E., Veit, O., Jackson, D., Domingo, C., Bthe, M., Perea, W., Niedrig, M., Gessner, B.D. and Yactayo, S., 2013. Adverse events following yellow fever preventive vaccination campaigns in eight African countries from 2007 to 2010.Vaccine,31(14), pp.1819-1829. Brunson, E.K., 2013. How parents make decisions about their children's vaccinations.Vaccine,31(46), pp.5466-5470. Brunson, E.K., 2013. The impact of social networks on parents vaccination decisions.Pediatrics, pp.peds-2012. Campbell, R.L., Li, J.T., Nicklas, R.A. and Sadosty, A.T., 2014. Emergency department diagnosis and treatment of anaphylaxis: a practice parameter.Annals of Allergy, Asthma Immunology,113(6), pp.599-608. Choo, K.J.L., Simons, F. and Sheikh, A., 2013. Glucocorticoids for the treatment of anaphylaxis.Evidence?Based Child Health: A Cochrane Review Journal,8(4), pp.1276-1294. Clark, S., Wei, W., Rudders, S.A. and Camargo, C.A., 2014. Risk factors for severe anaphylaxis in patients receiving anaphylaxis treatment in US emergency departments and hospitals.Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology,134(5), pp.1125-1130. Dennerlein, J.T., 2014. Anaphylaxis treatment: ergonomics of epinephrine autoinjector design.The American journal of medicine,127(1), pp.S12-S16. Gilmore, S., 2017. Introduction. InParental Rights and Responsibilities. Routledge, pp. 1-16. Gostin, L.O., 2015. Law, ethics, and public health in the vaccination debates: politics of the measles outbreak.Jama,313(11), pp.1099-1100. Harris, J.B., Gacic-Dobo, M., Eggers, R., Brown, D.W. and Sodha, S.V., 2014. Global routine vaccination coverage, 2013.Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report,63(46), pp.1055-1058. Jung, M., Lin, L. and Viswanath, K., 2013. Associations between health communication behaviors, neighborhood social capital, vaccine knowledge, and parents H1N1 vaccination of their children.Vaccine,31(42), pp.4860-4866. Kabakama, S., Gallagher, K.E., Howard, N., Mounier-Jack, S., Burchett, H.E., Griffiths, U.K., Feletto, M., LaMontagne, D.S. and Watson-Jones, D., 2016. Social mobilisation, consent and acceptability: a review of human papillomavirus vaccination procedures in low and middle-income countries.BMC public health,16(1), p.834. Mergler, M.J., Omer, S.B., Pan, W.K., Navar-Boggan, A.M., Orenstein, W., Marcuse, E.K., Taylor, J., Patricia deHart, M., Carter, T.C., Damico, A. and Halsey, N., 2013. Association of vaccine-related attitudes and beliefs between parents and health care providers.Vaccine,31(41), pp.4591-4595. Nyhan, B., Reifler, J., Richey, S. and Freed, G.L., 2014. Effective messages in vaccine promotion: a randomized trial.Pediatrics,133(4), pp.e835-e842. Sadaf, A., Richards, J.L., Glanz, J., Salmon, D.A. and Omer, S.B., 2013. A systematic review of interventions for reducing parental vaccine refusal and vaccine hesitancy.Vaccine,31(40), pp.4293-4304. Song, T.T., Worm, M. and Lieberman, P., 2014. Anaphylaxis treatment: current barriers to adrenaline auto?injector use.Allergy,69(8), pp.983-991. Tozzi, A.E., Asturias, E.J., Balakrishnan, M.R., Halsey, N.A., Law, B. and Zuber, P.L., 2013. Assessment of causality of individual adverse events following immunization (AEFI): a WHO tool for global use.Vaccine,31(44), pp.5041-5046.